In most situations, personal injury settlements—such as those related to car accidents, slip and fall cases, or medical malpractice—are not considered taxable by the IRS. So if you’re wondering “do you have to pay taxes on a settlement?”, the answer is usually no, you don’t pay taxes on personal injury settlements that involve physical injuries.
However, there are important exceptions to be aware of. The IRS, whose job it is to collect taxes, does view some types of legal settlements as taxable income. That’s why it’s always smart to speak with a licensed accountant, especially if you expect to receive a large payout—think six or seven figures. Getting clear guidance on how lawsuit settlements are taxed can save you from surprises down the road.
Are Lawsuit Settlements Taxable at All?
Settlement money and damages collected from a lawsuit are considered income “from whatever source derived”, which means the IRS will generally consider that money taxable. However, personal injury and physical injury settlements are an exception. Most notably, personal injury settlements are nontaxable in cases involving “observable bodily harm,” as per 26 U.S. Code § 104, especially in the following cases:
- Motor vehicle accident settlement
- Slip and fall settlement
- Medical malpractice settlement.
Overall, lawsuit settlements and damages can be arranged into two groups taxable and nontaxable. There are exceptions to every rule, and each lawsuit claim is unique. Again, we suggest seeking advice from an account where possible.
Are Settlements Taxable in Florida?
In Florida, personal injury settlements are typically not subject to income tax, especially when they compensate for physical injuries or sickness. This aligns with the mentioned IRS Code § 104(a)(2), which excludes damages received for personal physical injuries or illness from taxable income. Additionally, Florida does not impose a state income tax, making the state particularly favorable for injury victims when it comes to protecting their settlement money. You can confirm this on Florida’s official tax resource.
However, certain parts of a lawsuit settlement can be taxable under federal law—such as lost wages, punitive damages, or interest on the settlement.
Nontaxable Lawsuit Settlements Types
Physical Injury Awards Are Usually Nontaxable
The IRS does NOT tax settlement awards from personal injury lawsuits if these cases demonstrate “observable bodily harm.” So, if the injuries are visible, the IRS considers compensation money awarded because of those injuries tax-free. Do not include these settlements in the income section of your tax forms [3].
Car Accident Injury Settlements Are Almost Always Nontaxable
Any major claims a car accident lawyer settles will almost always be nontaxable. Cases handled by personal injury lawyers are an exception to any settlement awards that consider income.
Remember, those fees can be taxed if a lawyer chooses to work for contingency fees (where the attorney collects fees after winning a case). However, that is not the case with car accident cases or other personal injury cases like slip and fall or workers’ compensation [2]. Those contingency fees will not be taxed!
Do not include these settlements in the income section of your tax forms unless you have also incurred medical expense reimbursement from the previous year [3].
Medical Expenses Are Nontaxable If No Deduction Was Taken Previously
Medical visits for emotional distress or physical injury are nontaxable if you did not take an itemized deduction for these expenses in prior years. However, if you settle and are reimbursed for medical expenses after taking a deduction in previous years, you will be required to pay a tax that year; this is a specific IRS rule called the “tax benefit rule” [3]. Include these reimbursements in the “Other Income” section on line 21 of the 1040 Form.
Emotional Distress Awards Are Nontaxable
Any settlement money received for emotional distress is nontaxable if the distress or anguish originated from the physical injury or sickness caused by the accident. However, remember that any medical expenses incurred will be subject to the rule above, and deductions will be taxable when the settlement is reached [3]. Any emotional distress that is not caused by any physical injury from the accident will be taxable, so the distinctions must be made.
Taxable Lawsuit Settlements Types
Punitive Damages and Interest Are Taxable
This is where things can get somewhat complicated. Any pre-judgment or post-judgment interest on settlement money is taxable and may influence taxes on some attorney fees. This also applies to punitive damages awarded in the case. The same can be said for any punitive damages awarded. We advise you to speak to a professional accountant as soon as possible.
Lost Wages Are Taxable
Lost wages are considered taxable because wages are income that would have been taxed if they were received without interruption. Not only will income tax be added, but these wages are also subject to social security taxes and Medicare tax.
Emotional Distress Awards Related to Non-Physical Injury
Settlement amounts awarded for emotional distress not directly caused by physical injury are taxable. This distinction is crucial, as only emotional distress stemming from physical injury qualifies for tax-exempt status. Any associated medical expenses that were deducted previously will also be taxable upon settlement.
You can find all this information in the IRS Lawsuits, Awards, and Settlements Audit Techniques Guide.
What Do I Need to Know When Filing Taxes After My Settlement?
According to the IRS, determining how to file for taxes after you receive compensation takes a careful assessment. You need to identify how the settlement payment was processed to file correctly. You can do so by reviewing court-related documents or other relevant documentation of the settlement to figure out this information. It’s crucial whenever your personal injury case has been settled, you keep track of all documents concerning the compensation payment and make sure it doesn’t get lost.
The information needed about settlement payment:
- Was the payment placed as income, in whole or in part?
- Was the payment placed as wages, in whole or in part?
- Do you have the proper reporting requirement forms, 1099 or W-2?
- Did you receive settlement check(s) or scheduled payments?
- What was the amount of legal fees paid?
It’s also important to keep in mind that if you have two claims against a defendant and settle for both, indicate the amount for each. For example, if one claim is personal injury-related and the other is a non-personal injury claim, one settlement is excluded from taxation while the other is not. If you have no documentation about the amounts for each claim, the IRS will challenge the non-taxability of the settlement. It is crucial to identify which settlement amount is personal injury-related, mainly because that settlement will, more often than not, be a more significant amount than the non-personal injury claim settlement. When you settle your case with your attorney, you can have the documentation specific to outline the different compensation amounts.
Sources:
[1]: How Are Lawsuit Settlements Taxed?
[2]: Five Key IRS Rules On How Lawsuit Settlements Are Taxed
This article was originally published on March 16th, 2022, and was updated on March 12th, 2024.